Calculate the seed rate of sugarcane in quintals/ha from the given data.
A. Sugarcane
- Average number of nodes on the cane = 40
- Type of set used for sowing = 3-budded
- Average number of damaged buds on each cane = 3
- Average weight of canes = 960 g
- Average length of each 3-budded set = 25 cm
- System of planting in horizontal position = (1) End-to-end (2) Bud-to-bud
- Spacing between two rows = 90 cm
B. Rayungans
- Average weight of one tailed rayungan = 50 g
- Spacing = 90 cm × 40 cm
- Sett position at planting = Vertical
- Rayungans needed to replace dead rayungans = 40/250 m²
Solution: Part A — Sugarcane
1. Total number of sets needed per hectare in the end-to-end system of planting
Number of sets = (10,000 × 1) / (0.90 × 0.25)
Number of sets = 10,000 / 0.225
= 44,444.4 sets/ha
2. Total number of canes needed for one hectare
Number of canes = (Number of nodes per set × Total number of sets per hectare) / (Total number of nodes per cane − Damaged buds per cane)
Number of canes = (3 × 44,444.4) / (40 − 3)
Number of canes = 133,333.2 / 37
= 3,603.6 canes
3. Weight of canes needed for planting one hectare
Weight of canes = (Total number of canes × Average weight of one cane) / (1,000 × 100)
Weight = (3,603.6 × 960) / (1,000 × 100)
= 34.59 quintals/ha
4. Seed rate in the bud-to-bud system of planting
In the bud-to-bud system, each set is overlapped to the extent of two-thirds of its length. Therefore, the total number of sets required is approximately 3/2 times the number required for the end-to-end system.
Seed rate = 34.59 × 3/2
= 51.89 quintals/ha
Solution: Part B — Rayungans
1. Total number of rayungans needed per hectare
Number of rayungans = (10,000 × 1) / (0.90 × 0.40)
= 27,777.8 rayungans/ha
2. Number of rayungans needed to replace dead rayungans
Number required = (10,000 × 40) / 250
= 1,600 rayungans/ha
3. Total rayungans required per hectare
Total = 27,777.8 + 1,600
= 29,377.8 rayungans/ha
4. Weight of rayungans required per hectare
Weight = (29,377.8 × 50) / (1,000 × 100)
= 14.69 quintals/ha
Final Answer
- Weight of canes required per hectare in the end-to-end system = 34.59 qt/ha
- Weight of canes required per hectare in the bud-to-bud system = 51.89 qt/ha
- Weight of rayungans required per hectare = 14.69 qt/ha
Calculate the weight of potato tubers required to be taken out in quintals per hectare from the store for sowing, using the given data.
- Spacing = 60 cm × 25 cm
- Average weight of tubers = 35 g
- Rottage loss of tubers from the store to the field = 5% of the weight of tubers used for sowing
Solution
Weight of tubers needed for sowing one hectare
Weight of tubers = (10,000 × Weight of one tuber) / (0.60 × 0.25 × 1,000 × 100)
Weight = (10,000 × 35) / (0.60 × 0.25 × 1,000 × 100)
= 23.33 quintals/ha
Answer
The weight of potato tubers needed for sowing one hectare, before accounting for storage losses, is 23.33 quintals/ha.
Note: The original source states 21.5 qt/ha for the quantity to be taken from the store. This does not follow from a 5% loss; if 5% of the stored quantity is lost, the required quantity from the store is approximately 24.56 qt/ha.
Find out the weight of potato pieces required for sowing 5,000 m² of area.
- Average weight of whole tubers = 80 g
- Average weight of tuber portions having no eyes = 20 g per whole tuber
- Average number of pieces bearing eyes on each whole tuber = 3
- Spacing = 50 cm × 20 cm
- Rottage loss = 5% of the number of whole tubers
Solution
1. Total number of pieces required for sowing 5,000 m²
Spacing = 0.50 m × 0.20 m
Number of pieces = 5,000 / (0.50 × 0.20)
= 50,000 tuber pieces
2. Total number of whole tubers required to obtain 50,000 pieces
Number of whole tubers = 50,000 / 3
= 16,666.7 whole tubers
3. Rottage loss
Rottage loss = (16,666.7 × 5) / 100
= 833.3 whole tubers
4. Average weight of the tuber portion bearing eyes
Weight of portion bearing eyes = Average weight of whole tuber − Weight of portion having no eyes
= 80 − 20
= 60 g
5. Average weight of each piece bearing eyes
Average weight of each piece = 60 / 3
= 20 g
6. Weight of tuber pieces bearing eyes required for 5,000 m²
Weight = (50,000 × 20) / (1,000 × 100)
= 10 quintals
7. Weight of waste portions having no eyes
Weight = (16,666.7 × 20) / (1,000 × 100)
= 3.33 quintals
8. Weight of rotted tubers
Weight = (833.3 × 80) / (1,000 × 100)
= 0.67 quintals
Final Answer
Total weight of whole tubers to be procured = Weight of pieces bearing eyes + Weight of waste portions without eyes + Weight of rotted tubers
Total weight = 10 + 3.33 + 0.67
= 14.00 quintals for 5,000 m²